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The format of boutique festival is promoted by public and private actors as a model of creative, sustainable and highly interactive event, which favors practices and processes of tourism innovation, especially useful to respond to the challenges related to the emergence of the new urban tourism, as well as to the recovery of tourism in post Covid-19 context. By analyzing the discourses and the imaginaries accompanying the incorporation of the global model in the policies and practices of boutique festivals in Sicily, the aim of the paper is to reflect on their potentials and limits in terms of creative and sustainable tourism innovation and regeneration in the post Covid-19 era. © 2023 Pacini Editore. All rights reserved.
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PurposeThe current study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and career perspectives of the future workforce of the tourism and hospitality industry in the UK. The paper is based on theories of emotion and focuses on the interplay role of three factors of fear of COVID-19, depression, and future career anxiety.Design/methodology/approachThe current research uses a mixed-method approach in two studies to answer the research questions. First, an online questionnaire was distributed among 197 current tourism and hospitality students in the UK. In the second phase through a qualitative approach and 17 semi-structured interviews, a more in-depth approach was taken to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the future career perspectives of the respondents.FindingsFindings reveal a high level of mental health disorders among respondents. The majority of respondents suffer from some sort of mental health conditions/disorders that affect their moods, thinking, and behaviors. The results further show that the fear of COVID-19 causes depression which results in career anxiety.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that the future tourism workforce in the UK is likely to suffer from some sort of mental health disorder that can influence their performances in the workplace. Companies are advised to make adjustments that help to protect the well-being and psychological health of their staff.Originality/valuePrevious studies used a snapshot in time only with a focus on the immediate and short-term effects of the pandemic. In the current study, by taking a long-term impact approach, the authors attempted to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on the future workforce of the tourism industry in the UK and offered practical implications for stakeholders.
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This paper adopts Leiper's ([1990]. Tourist attraction systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(3), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(90)90004-B) tourism system theory to examine the impact of COVID-19 on Kenya's tourism sector. The authors argue that tourism remains an important source of national revenue in Kenya and the severe negative effects of the pandemic as well as the resulting government measures to curb the spread of the disease threaten to undermine the gains made in recent years to revive the sector. The paper identifies that while much emphasis has been put on the impact of the disease on countries' national health systems and its epidemiology, few studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between COVID 19 and the tourism sector, especially in developing countries. The paper provides researchers and practitioners with an analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the social and economic dimensions of tourism in Kenya and concludes with a set of recommendations that can shape Kenya's post-pandemic tourism sector recovery plans.
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To control the COVID-19 pandemic, various policies have been implemented to restrict the mobility of people. Such policies, however, have resulted in huge damages to many economic sectors, especially the tourism sector and its auxiliary services. Focusing on Cambodia, this study presents a system dynamics (SD) model for assessing and selecting effective policy responses to contain the spread of COVID-19, while maintaining tourism development. Policies targeted in this study include international and domestic transportation bans, quarantine policy, tourist-centered protection measures, and enterprise-led protection measures. Two types of scenario analyses are conducted: one targets each policy separately and the other combines different policies. Among all scenarios, quarantine policy is evaluated to be the most effective policy as it balances the containment of the spread of COVID-19 and support for tourism development. This study provides a new way of guiding COVID-19 policymaking and exploring effective policies in the context of tourism.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to define metaverse tourism and to provide a viewpoint and further research regarding metaverse tourism with respect to its potential for sustainable tourism.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigated the potential of the metaverse for sustainable tourism based on United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reports, Google Trends data and previous studies including human–computer interactions, virtual reality and cognitive studies.FindingsThis research found that metaverse products and experiences could aid in expanding the range of tourism resources and support sustainable tourism by providing alternative and profitable resources. Producing licensed and profitable metaverse tourism products and experiences could increase profitability for tourism destinations and should be developed in accordance with the UNWTO Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Research limitations/implicationsUsing metaverse tourism products and experiences is a new approach to attain the SDGs. Analysis of accumulated data from further empirical studies and case studies is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is an original attempt to define metaverse tourism in the tourism and hospitality context and to consider its potential, linked to UNWTO's SDGs. Insights from this paper could be useful for initiating further research and discussions on future metaverse tourism and sustainable tourism.
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Contact tracing is, at its core, a straightforward and logical operation. The testing facility or healthcare facility that performed the test notifies the neighborhood public health department if a person tests positive for any communicable disease (such as COVID-19, omicron). The health department then contacts the sick person and asks them to list any contacts they had for a predetermined amount of time before to the test. The health department then gets in touch with these people to request a test. The process is repeated until all of the patients have tested negative if any of those patients have a positive result. Patients who test positive for a disease are typically informed of how long they must spend in quarantine and are publicly notified after they "recover.” Blockchain technology can anonymize patient records and offer higher degrees of protection to maintain the privacy of tourist health details. Since test results are connected to a visitor's public/private key rather than their Personal ID, their name or identity cannot be determined by simply browsing or querying the blockchain. In addition, since every blockchain entry is cryptographically signed, malicious parties are unable to alter a record without also invalidating all future records. Additional controls can be added using identity access management software to restrict what data a user can read on the blockchain. The shortcomings of conventional contact tracing applications would be resolved by our proposed framework, dubbed BBACTFM (Blockchain Based Accurate Contact Tracing Framework Model for Tourism Industry). © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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This research examines how deep travel habits in the form of habit formation and reduced substitutability between tourism travel and other leisure goods impact travel resilience after COVID-19. Using microdata for almost 3000 tourists in Andalusia (Spain), we relate post-pandemic outbreak tourism participation to pre-pandemic travelling intensity and whether taking a vacation is considered a priority good. In doing so, we control for standard sociodemographic characteristics and province fixed effects. Our results clearly show that the probability of continuing travelling during the summer of 2020 is positively associated with pre-pandemic travel intensity and tourism being considered a priority leisure activity. Travel resilience is found to be strongly associated with income, education level and the tenure of a second residence.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 has had tremendous impacts on human health and the world economy. Studies have focused on the impact of COVID-19 on potential tourists and tourism destinations from the perspectives of individuals, industries and organizations, and they have provided some measures for tourism recovery. However, under the situation of individual restriction, research has not systematically explained residents' desire for trips of different distances and factors or the similarities and differences in the factors affecting tourism willingness for trips of different distances. In this context, a measurement of eco-environmental values is used to investigate these issues to help the tourism economy recover. Using questionnaires covering all provinces in mainland China, this paper investigates residents' travel willingness to make trips of different distances, and it utilizes binary logistic regression analysis to examine the factors that help predict tourists' travel intentions. In addition, the patterns of willingness to travel different distances are displayed in maps generated by ArcGIS software. The results suggest that the objective COVID-19 confirmed case distribution follows distance decay theory;however, the distribution patterns of travel willingness are not in accordance with distance decay. The factors that have a significant impact on predicting travel willingness regarding the three kinds of trip distances are educational background, cognition of COVID-19, and geographical division factors. Income and the severity of the pandemic situation play different roles in predicting travel willingness in this study. Overall, the findings of this study extend the application of distance decay theory, which contributes to tourism studies in the COVID-19 context. The findings are also beneficial for tourism recovery and crisis management against the backdrop of pandemic normalization.
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The tourism sector is one of the sectors that has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased waste generation is a significant problem that tourist areas must face during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, to reduce the impact, research was carried out on waste management before and during the pandemic in regional tourism areas, especially in the eastern part of Java and Bali. This study aims to analyze the changes and composition of waste and during the COVID-19 pandemic in tourist areas in the Eastern Tourism Areas of Java and Bali. Collecting, processing data, and statistical analysis carry out the research method. Based on the study results, the waste generation generated in eight eastern regencies of Java and Bali experienced a change between-5.67% to 1.82%. Plastic waste increased by 27.61% during the pandemic, while mask waste increased by 1.23% in one area. Waste management also changed from-0.011% to 1.821%. The analysis results using ANOVA showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the amount of waste generated by the eight tourist areas, with the main contribution caused by an increase in mask waste. © 2023, Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE). All rights reserved.
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This paper investigates the effects of COVID-19 pandemic-related uncertainty focusing on the US tourism subsectors, including airlines, hotels, restaurants, and travel companies. Using daily stock price data, we compute connectedness indices that quantify the financial distress in the tourism and hospitality industry and link these indices with a measure of COVID-19-induced uncertainty. Our empirical results show that some subsectors of tourism are affected more than others. The connectedness of tourism companies has severely increased after March 2020. Restaurants are the most heavily influenced subsectors of tourism, while airline companies come the next. Besides, our quantile regression suggests that higher quantile COVID-19 uncertainty index has more effect on the connectedness of tourism companies. Our results guide the policymakers and investors to detect the stress accumulated in each subsectors of tourism and to take more informed and timely decisions.
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Handicrafts as an activity belonging to the orange economy have great potential to grow in national and international markets, however, today where the effects of the economic crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic are being felt, this sector has been seen strongly affected. Taking into account the above, this document investigates the main characteristics of the orange economy and its relationship with handicrafts, to then show from the government and other institutions what has been the support that has been given to the people who are dedicated to these activities, identifying what benefits they can potentially access to reduce the negative impact on their finances and well-being in the face of the economic crisis. © 2021, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved.
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The metaverse promises an unimaginable future for digital travelers by enabling them to gain unique experiences (e.g., space travel) that would otherwise be impossible in non-virtual reality. Moreover, COVID-19 travel anxiety has triggered growing interest in virtual environments (e.g., metaverse travel) in the aftermath of the pandemic. The cost-conscious and tech-savvy behavior of travelers has been resurrected in the ‘new normal’;however, the fear of missing out (FOMO) is now dictating travelers’ choices for newness, immersive and rewarding travel experiences. To address these emerging trends, promising new technologies, and untested relationships, the present study explored the effects of COVID-19 travel anxiety on the readiness for metaverse space travel. In addition, the moderating influence of tech savviness and travel FOMO was tested on this relationship. Drawing on data of international expats (N = 386) in UAE, the finding based on structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that the international expat’s readiness for metaverse space travel is positively influenced by their COVID-19 travel anxiety. Moreover, expats with high tendencies of travel FOMO and tech savviness will experience a stronger impact of COVID-19 travel anxiety on their readiness for metaverse space travel. These novel findings guided by prominent theories (e.g., self-determination, SOR, and protection motivation) offer new insights for policy makers and practitioners to strategically achieve digital-tourism transformation and sustainability through emerging and immersive metaverse technologies.
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The rebirth of global tourism with a massive rebound is anticipated due to an emerging touristic behavior coined as vaxication (i.e., post-vaccination travel). Despite the ongoing fatigue triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, travelers’ fear of missing out (FOMO), and destination crisis marketing (DCM) can further accelerate travelers’ momentum towards vaxication. To address this critical knowledge gap in COVID-19 tourism, the present study aimed to examine the effect of pandemic fatigue on vaxication intention for the greatest of all trips (GOAT) under the moderating influence of travel FOMO and destination crisis marketing. Drawing on data of international expatriates in the United Arab Emirates (N = 356) and using covariance-based structural equation modeling with Mplus, the findings provide new evidence supporting a positive impact of international expat’s pandemic fatigue on vaxication intention for GOAT. Interestingly, this relationship is significantly reinforced by the international expat’s travel FOMO as well as tourism destinations switching gears from ‘managing crisis’ to ‘marketing crisis’. Based on prominent theories (i.e., theory of planned behavior, cognitive load theory, and protection motivation theory) and newly developed scales (i.e., travel FOMO and destination crisis marketing), the study implications are directed towards an outpacing trajectory of global tourism return prompted by pandemic fatigue, travel FOMO, destination crisis marketing, and vaxication intention for the greatest of all trips.
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The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourism sector by closing borders, reducing both the transportation of tourists and tourist demand. Developing countries, such as Tanzania, where the tourism sector contributes a high share to gross domestic product, are facing considerable economic consequences. Tourism interlinks domestic sectors such as transport, accommodation, beverages and food, and retail trade and thus plays an important role in household income. Our study assesses the macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on the tourism sector and the Tanzanian economy as a case study of an impacted developing economy. We use a computable general equilibrium model framework to simulate the economic impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and quantitatively analysed the economic impacts.
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This article analyzes WildEarth television, a live safari program based primarily in South Africa and Kenya, but broadcast worldwide through a variety of channels, including a major Chinese television network at times. It considers Arthur Clarke's 1976 prediction of telesafaris and the growth of an online community to support this form of tourism, and it looks at some of the historical antecedents for WildEarth and the economic model and sustainability of the program, particularly after the COVID pandemic. It uses actor-network theory to explain what factors enabled an apparently marginal media location to achieve Clarke's vision. This program raises questions about Clarke's role in predicting e-tourism and online communities and his optimistic prediction that telesafaris would not supplant the live experience. It also considers issues that Clarke did not consider: the parasocial relationship of viewers with the guides and animals, and the role of a guiding culture in Africa.
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Tourism was a constantly growing industry until the halt brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. In cities, its negative impact was increasing, with significant cases of overcrowding. COVID-19 has emerged as an exceptional disruptive stage, yet it is also an opportunity to abandon the rush towards unsustainability. This study is a critical analysis of tourism, looking at the most appropriate post-pandemic perspective for urban cultural tourism, based on sustainability and leaving aside the search for profit as the ultimate goal. The main objective is to make proposals for an alternative paradigm. This is a theoretical paper that draws on a literature review of 180 works of scientific reference. Complementarily, information published by the media is accessed and direct observation is carried out as fieldwork. Proposals are made on limiting the number of visitors, improving guided visits, tourist routes, experiential tourism, and virtual tours. We also propose a new centralised tourism governance and regulation of private agents. Therefore, the present text is of interest for public representatives working in the field of urban tourism. © 2021 Asociacion de Geografos Espanoles. All rights reserved.